In this article, we’ll be diving deeper to analyze all eleven OSPF LSA Types using network diagrams and examples to help understand when each LSA type is used and how they keep the OSPF network updated. LSA TYPES – QUICK OVERVIEW Before we begin, let’s take a quick look at the different type of OSPF LSA packets we’ll cover: Read More
Category: CCNP
Understand BGP Regular Expressions and Examples
Regular Expressions are used often for BGP route manipulation or filtering. In this lesson, we’ll take a look at some useful regular expressions. First, let’s take a look at the different characters that we can use: Characters ? repeats the previous character one or zero times. * repeats the previous character zero or many times. + Read More
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) vs Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
RSTP needs backwards compatibility with STP switches. Thus Discarding state merges Disabled, Blocking, Listening into one. Ideally if running a complete RSTP topology then discarding becomes practically unneeded due to the explanation below. In STP BPDU will only be sent from root bridge > down, therefore non-root bridges would only forward on BPDUs that are Read More
Understand the Difference between the Control Plane and Data Plane
1. Control Plane :In Routing control plane refers to all functions and processes that determine which path to use to send the packet or frame. The control plane is responsible for populating the routing table, drawing network topology, forwarding table and hence enabling the data plane functions. This means here the router makes its decision. Read More
What are vBond, vSmart, vEdge and vManage in Software-Defined Network (SDN)
What is so special about the new Software-Defined WAN concept besides the many marketing slogans like “Redefining Networks for Cloud era” or “Transport independent secure fabric” or where the “66% cost reduction” comes from? First of all, when we talk about SDWAN we can think of it as the practical enforcement of the Software-Defined Network (SDN) Read More
Understanding PIM Sparse Mode vs Dense Mode
Sparse-dense mode, as the name implies, allows the interface to operate on a per-group basis in either sparse or dense mode. A group specified as dense is not mapped to an RP. Instead, data packets destined for that group are forwarded by means of PIM dense-mode rules. A group specified as sparse is mapped to Read More