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BGP Path Selection

IGPs, such as EIGRP or OSPF, choose routes based on lowest metric. They attempt to find the shortest, fastest way to get traffic to its destination. BGP, however, has a different way of route selection. It assigns various attributes to each path; these attributes can be administratively manipulated to control the path that is selected. Read More

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Understanding Media Access Control Security (MACsec)

Media Access Control security (MACsec) provides point-to-point security on Ethernet links. MACsec is defined by IEEE standard 802.1AE. You can use MACsec in combination with other security protocols, such as IP Security (IPsec) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), to provide end-to-end network security. MACsec is capable of identifying and preventing most security threats, including denial Read More

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Understanding Cisco Severity Logging Level

Logging Level To enable logging messages from a defined facility that have the specified severity level or higher, use the logging level command. To disable logging messages from a defined facility, use the no form of this command. logging level facility severity-level no logging level facility severity-level Syntax Description facility Facility. The facilities are listed in System Message Logging Facilities.To apply the same severity Read More

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HTTP Response Status Codes (Full List)

HTTP response status codes indicate whether a specific HTTP request has been successfully completed. Responses are grouped in five classes: 1, Informational responses (100–199) 2, Successful responses (200–299) 3, Redirects (300–399) 4, Client errors (400–499) 5, Server errors (500–599) The below status codes are defined by section 10 of RFC 2616. You can find an updated specification Read More

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Network Redundancy Protocols – HSRP vs VRRP vs GLBP

In this article we will discuss the similarities and differences between the 3 “First Hop Redundancy” protocols supported by Cisco devices. These are Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP), Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) and Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP). Comparison among HSRP, VRRP, GLBP Now let’s move to the main purpose of this article: To see similarities and differences Read More